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guide (1985 or later edition) provides information on training requirements.
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Accident prevention on board ship
16.1.12. Effective means of ensuring safe isolation of every circuit, subcircuit
and apparatus, such as facilities to lock off isolators, key control or signing, should be
provided to minimize or eliminate danger to seafarers.
16.1.13. Every circuit should be protected against overload currents, so as to
reduce damage to the system and keep the danger of fire to a minimum.
16.1.14. Redundant circuits or apparatus should be disconnected or dismantled.
16.1.15. Personal protective equipment, such as rubber gloves and rubber boots,
should be used whenever there is a risk of electric shock, but should not be regarded as
providing full protection against such a risk.
16.1.16. Protection against contact with live equipment should be afforded by:
(a) placing live parts out of reach;
(b) effective enclosure of live parts; and
(c) adequate insulation.
16.1.17. The enclosures of live circuits, such as terminal boxes, should be
designed so that they can be removed only by authorized persons.
16.1.18. Suitable fuses or contact-breakers should be placed in each circuit to
limit the current to the safe rating for the cable or equipment.
16.1.19. Where fuses are used, they should bear clear markings indicating their
rated current and, as far as practicable, their rated capacity. Replacement fuses should
be of the correct rating.
16.1.20. Fuses should be replaced only by authorized persons.
16.1.21. All fuses should be protected to prevent accidental contact.
16.1.22. Effective means should be employed to ensure that persons removing or
inserting fuses will not be endangered, in particular, by any adjacent live parts.
16.1.23. In general it should not be possible to remove or insert fuses in a circuit
unless it has been made dead by means of an isolating device on the incoming side.
16.1.24. The following notices should be exhibited at suitable places:
(a) a warning notice prohibiting unauthorized persons from entering electrical
equipment rooms, interfering with switchboards, and handling or interfering with
electrical apparatus;
(b) a warning notice specifying the person to be notified in the event of an electrical
accident or some other dangerous occurrence, and indicating how to communicate
with that person;
(c) a notice specifying the voltage present in equipment or conductors; and
(d) a notice prohibiting the use of naked flames in the vicinity of the battery room.
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Electricity and electrical equipment
16.1.25. Only authorized persons should have access to and enter equipment
rooms containing live electrical equipment or have access to the rear of live
switchboards.
16.1.26. No work should be done in dangerous proximity to a conductor or
installation until it has been made dead and signs have been suitably posted.
16.1.27. (1) If a conductor or an installation is in the immediate vicinity of a
work location and cannot be made dead, special precautions should be taken.
(2) Any such operation should be supervised by a competent person.
16.1.28. All conductors and equipment should be considered to be live unless
there is definite proof to the contrary.
16.1.29. Before the current is restored, a competent person should ensure that no
seafarers remain in a dangerous position.
16.1.30. After work has been done on electrical equipment, the current should be
switched on again only by, or on the orders of, a competent person.
16.1.31. Distribution apparatus and switch gear should be protected in all
circumstances, particularly:
(a) against dripping or splashing of water; and
(b) in switchboard rooms and machinery spaces.
16.1.32. If temporary connections have to be made while repairs are being carried
out, the connections should be made with cables having an adequate margin of current
and voltage rating and by a competent person. They should be disconnected and
removed as soon as they are no longer required.
16.1.33. Seafarers not authorized to carry out electrical work should never install
new equipment or alter existing equipment.
16.2. Wandering leads, portable lights, electric tools and other movable
equipment
16.2.1. All flexible cables should be:
(a) of sufficient size and current rating for the purposes for which they are to be used;
(b) so constructed, insulated, secured and protected as to ensure that danger to
seafarers will be reduced to a minimum.
16.2.2. Every electrical connection should be of suitable construction with regard
to conductivity, insulation, mechanical strength and protection, with account being
taken of the need to use such equipment in exposed locations.
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Accident prevention on board ship
16.2.3. (1) Cables and conductors should be mechanically protected and properly
and durably insulated at points where they are joined, branched or led into any
apparatus.
(2) For these purposes junction boxes, sleeves, bushings, glands or equivalent
connecting devices should be employed.
(3) Where practicable, flexible cables should be joined by junction boxes or plug
and socket couplings, and the attachment should be made by screwing, clamping,
soldering, rivetting, brazing and crimping or equivalent means.
(4) Where armoured cables are joined, care should be taken to continue the
conductive bond between the armouring of the cables by the bridging and the junction
boxes.
16.2.4. All conductors and apparatus liable to be exposed to a flammable or
explosive atmosphere should be so constructed as to negate the possibility of ignition of
the vapour.
16.2.5. The supply voltage to portable tools and appliances should generally not
exceed 240 volts.
16.2.6. Hand-held electrical tools should be provided with a spring-loaded switch
that will break the circuit automatically when the tool is released from the hand.
16.2.7. Portable electrical tools and appliances should not be used in a potentially
flammable or explosive atmosphere, unless they are of a type certificated for use in
such an atmosphere and the action is authorized by a responsible officer.
16.2.8. A hand lamp or other portable lamp should be of an approved type with
effective protection for the bulb and with a suitable cover of glass or other transparent
material. Such equipment should be dust and water proof and, where necessary, gas
proof.
16.2.9. Flexible cables should:
(a) not be laid on surfaces that are oily or wet with corrosive liquids;
(b) be kept clear of moving loads, running gear and moving equipment;
(c) not be used to lift the portable lamp or portable tools to which they are connected;
(d) have additional protection where they are likely to be subjected to rough usage or
moisture.
16.2.10. When seafarers use portable equipment or portable lamps they should
ensure that any flexible cables passing through doors, hatches, manholes, etc., are
protected and that their insulation is not damaged by the closing of doors, covers or
lids.
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Electricity and electrical equipment
16.3. High-voltage systems
16.3.1. As high-voltage systems present considerable danger they should be
worked upon only by specially trained and certified seafarers.
16.3.2. Manufacturer's instruction manuals should be provided for all high-
voltage equipment and be closely followed.
16.3.3. Care should be taken to observe the requirement that all high-voltage
equipment should be enclosed or protected so that access can be obtained only by
authorized persons using a special tool or key that is retained by a competent person,
unless the equipment is designed in a way to ensure that any attempt at access will
automatically isolate and render it safe.
16.4. Rectifiers and electronic equipment
16.4.1. No maintenance or repair work should be attempted until the equipment
has been effectively isolated and any stored energy dissipated.
16.4.2. Special attention should be paid to the hazard of working near charged
capacitors associated with rectification circuits.
16.4.3. Only competent persons should be authorized to repair electronic
equipment.
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